How I Learned to be the Person I am Today Essay - 811 Words

A person’s life is a journey filled with bumps, detours and dead-ends while the route is shaped by the people, places and experiences that litter the path. It does not matter if a person graces your life for a moment or for a lifetime, each one helps guide our destination by helping define who we are and who we will become. These relationships bring us the many tools that we will need along the way. My parents and friends have given me great roadside assistance by teaching many ethical principles. Because of them, honesty and acceptance are two core values of mine that will be tremendous assets in a future business career. I was born and raised in Minnesota by two loving parents who valued truth and honesty. They always told me that†¦show more content†¦They will also be confident that I will conduct myself with open communication both inside and outside of the company, treat my customers and clients fairly and not mislead anyone with bad information or unrealistic expectations. Honesty will help me be a good colleague to my co-workers because I will give them proper credit for the things that they accomplish. Growing up, I learned many things from my parents, but I also learned values from my many high school friends. Every kid wants to be accepted, but the school years can be tough. In my high school there were many labels for people and if someone did not fit those labels they had a hard time feeling like they belonged. My friends were not the typical athletes, musicians, or students. We were a mix of kids who saw things differently and looked different. We had long hair, wore edgy clothes and listened to music that was not a favorite among our peers. We often felt that teachers and other students judged us, so we worked hard at accepting others and treating others with respect. If anyone wanted to be a part of our social circle, we happily accepted them no matter what color their skin was, how they dressed, or wore their hair. I learned that everyone has something to offer if you give them the chance and open your mind to them without judgement. In high school, I reached ou t to a person that I would notShow MoreRelatedI Am A Problem Solving Skills970 Words   |  4 PagesToday in class I learned a lot about problem solving and how to have good problem solving skills. Having good problem solving skills is an important skill every single person should have. We run into problems every day that we need to be able to figure out on our own. I wouldn’t say I am a bad problem solver, but I would definitely say that my problem solving skills could improve. In order to have good problem solving skills, you need to have good critical thinking skills as well. Today in classRead MoreThe Importance of School652 Words   |  3 PagesThe place where I developed into the person I am today is my school. Consider how important school is to a teenager. 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This has led me to strive to become the most successful version of myself as possible, through either academics, or community service. Not only was I raised in a household of successful men who made their lives through the military, then business. But, their wives were prominent members of their communities. By watching the women around me, demonstrate their compassion. I learned kindness costs nothing, and anyone can makeRead MoreSmall Town Essay709 Words   |  3 Pagesraised in a small town, I constantly viewed my hometown being small as a bad thing. Throughout middle school and high school, my tiny town was a place I used to look forward to leaving, it definitely was not a place I thought I would find myself missing. The second I left my small town, I could not wait to go back home. I didnâ€⠄¢t acknowledge how special it was to grow up in a town where I knew everyone and had the ability to leave my front door unlocked without worrying while I ran around town runningRead MoreI Was The Shy Kid Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was a young child beginning a leader was not a quality that was normally associated with me. I was the shy kid, usually immersed deeply within a book, dreaming of faraway lands and strong protagonists to save the day. The only time I was a leader was inside my day dreams. Within my everyday life I was surrounded by the strongest leader a small child could know. They were able present any vision to their group and make it grow, they knew how to build their members up, protect them, and loveRead MoreMy Parent s Relationship With My Parents1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe course of my parent’s relationship as I was growing up has a lot to do with how I view relationships; but aside from my parents, my mother’s family had a lot to do w ith some of the norms and values that I have today in regards to sexual relationships and sexuality. Along with learning about sexual relationships based on the view of my family, I also learned and have been affected in my adult life about gender roles as well. My parents were my main source of learning about relationships. My

Essay on The Great Debate on Global Warming - 1502 Words

The cause of global warming has been a debate between scientists and experts for numerous years. In fact, Svante August Arrhenius, a Swedish chemist, first predicted global warming would occur in 1896 (Harris 16). Researchers who agree it is naturally caused insist the greenhouse effect has many natural causes. Others agree that the cause of the Earth’s increase in temperature is just part of a continuous cycle. These researchers argue that solar activity plays a huge role in the issue of global warming. Therefore, based upon the myth of the greenhouse effect, cyclical patterns, and research on solar activity, global warming is not a man-made dilemma. When greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, similar to the way greenhouse panes†¦show more content†¦The greenhouse effect will continue naturally. Methane makes up thirteen percent of greenhouse gases (Hopwood Cohen 2). Wetlands are accountable for most of the natural methane concentrations polluted into the air because they contain bacteria that produce this gas during decomposition (Sources and Emissions 5). For this reason methane is often called swamp gas (Hopwood Cohen 6). As part of their digestive process, termites release methane. Also, Oceans, rivers, and estuaries are populated with marine plankton and fish that create methane when they digest too(Sources and Emissions 5). Cows breathe out methane when they burp (Harris 10). Natural hydrates, mud volcanoes, gryphons, steam vents, wildfires, wild animals and bubbling hot springs expel methane in nature(Sources and Emissions 6). The causes of methane emissions are limitless, but it is evident that it is not a manageable greenhouse gas. The final greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, is â€Å"laughing gas.† It is colorless, has a sweet sent, and makes up six percent of the total greenhouse gases. Naturally, it is discharged from oceans and bacteria that populate in soils. It can also be found in human and animal waste. Since 1750, nitrous oxide levels have been on the rise. Although nitrous oxide does not contribute to the greenhouse gases as much as carbon dioxide and methane do, it is important to suppress this gas because it remains in the atmosphere for a very long time (Hopwood Cohen 7).Show MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Global Warming953 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past decade, the Earth’s gradual temperature increase has sparked a debate amongst scientists and politicians. Scientists have conducted research to understand the cause and effect of global warming, but it can take years for scientists to reach a consensus. The claims that global warming is the next apocalypse or is just some fairy tale lack scientific proof. These claims have confused the general public, and leave many citizens’ questions unanswered. 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If there is no reason to believe George Clooney is not a brilliant actorRead MoreGlobal Warming: Fiction or Truth? Essay example1369 Words   |  6 PagesTrue or false; global warming is a catastrophic event that is occurring by natural and human means that is causing global temperature to rise and that can lead to many disasters? This has been an issue that hundreds and maybe thousands of scientists and citizens have debated about back and forth. The thought of global warming existing is a strong claim that many and most people have been backing up. Reliable sources have claims and evidence that is sufficient to prove global warming but other reliableRead MoreEssay on Global Warming: a Natural Phenomenon1567 Words   |  7 PagesNatural Phenomenon The global warming subject has been a heated debate for the past few decades. Some scientists are saying this is a completely man made problem. There are two clear sides to this subject and both have evidence, but the evidence is stronger on that global warming is just Mother Nature at work. The government has poured hundreds of millions of tax payer dollars into research for manmade global warming. The theory is that humans are causing the â€Å"greenhouse effect† and putting tooRead MoreThe Global Warming Debate On Our World880 Words   |  4 Pagesour species and plants; Human activity is to blame. However, since 2012 Fox news has been reporting that global warming is fake and that it is not caused by human activity but rather by natural causes. Further, this global warming debate has been an ongoing battle between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In 2012 during Obamas second run for presidency, the global warming debate went on full blast. 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Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. Answer: Introduction: Employee motivation can be identified as a sense of passion and dedication to the organizational values from an employees end. Increasing employee motivation increase the job performance of the individual and the organization obtains a positive impact in actualizing the organizational strategies. If the psychological aspect of motivation can be discussed it can be noted, that motivation energizes, maintains and controls the behavioral pattern of the individuals. Hence, it can easily be speculated that with increased motivation the employees put themselves in achieving the organizational goals in a better way than before. It helps the management to control the teams in an organized manner, obtaining the least opportunity cost and providing the best customer service to the clients. Thus, employee motivation directly connects itself to organizational performance and effectiveness. Research and analysis: In modern world of business, the ways of increasing employee motivation is a fundamental challenge to the organizational management. They need to concentrate on it for improving the overall functionary of the company. However, to examine the impact of employee motivation on the organizational effectiveness, the followed can be discussed: Impact of employee motivation on increased employee performance: Efficiency: As opined by Pinder (2014) increasing the motivational level of the employees is necessary to the organization as it encourages the employees to extend his/her set level of expectation from themselves. With increased motivation, the employees start to believe on themselves and the vision of the leaders. As mentioned by Miner (2015) motivation increases self-confidence and the employees try to come out off their comfort zone. Moreover, as opined by Sageer et al. (2012) the resistance or clashes among the employees as well as between the administration and workforce, can be reduced to largely resulting in the overall organizational efficiency by ensuring employee motivation. It is helpful in reducing the wastages, industrial accidents, objections and grievances. Innovation: As mentioned by Riggio (2015) the employee who find themselves in a passionate commitment to the organizational values it encourages them in finding the best way to execute his job roles. Moreover, in most of the empirical cases it has been found that the leadership is typically influential in innovation. Hence, the motivated employees are always welcome to come up with innovative ideas in those organizations. As opined by Imran et al. (2014) employee motivation directs the employees to try to best serve the company and actualize the strategies and goals set by the management through the best possible way. Here, the example of Disneyland and its innovative idea of operating the park can be cited. With each idea came up from the employees Walt Disney did not hesitate to motivate and encourage his employees, which resulted in making it the most popular amusement park (Forbes.com 2016). Productivity: As opined by Van De Voorde et al. (2012) the productivity of an individual is directly proportionate to the satisfaction and motivation of an individual. Motivation propels employee to challenge himself for giving his/her best potentiality in achieving the organizational goals. Be it the back-end or upfront service, engagement and motivation directs him to surpass the limit of his/her previous performance. As described by Sageer et al. (2012) in inducing motivation and increasing productivity, the leaders play a major role. An effective leadership ensures a sense of security and peace among the employees. It motivates them to work with better responsibility and demonstrate the loyalty to the leader by achieving the organizational goals. Thus, with increased productivity the organization becomes able to Customer service: As opined by Manzoor (2012) employee motivation can be identified in the increased level of customer satisfaction. A motivated employee tries his/her level best to provide the best possible service to the clients of the company. As mentioned by Sageer et al. (2012) an employee who is not satisfied with his job role or company culture, he is not bothered to provide service to the customers. He does not treat it as his/her personal responsibility and the company stats to suffer in the section of customer service. As mentioned by Manzoor (2012) it is important for the organization to take care of its employees as the employees take care of its clients. Here, the example of excellent customer service Southwest Airlines can be cited. According to the employees of the company, the honest employee motivational strategies direct them in always putting effort to improve the service, culture, and to collect loyal customers (Forbes.com 2016). Transparency: To ensure transparency and ethical management of an organization, ensuring employee management is a prerequisite. As opined by Sageer et al. (2012) with heightened motivation, the employees find themselves better dedicated to the company values and norms. Thus, employee engagement largely contributes to the corporate governance of an organization. Impact of employee motivation on team management: As opined by Mowday et al. (2013) employee motivation is typically influential in increasing the team morale and cohesiveness. A motivated employee tries to stick to the group norms, as he is satisfied with the values and missions of the team; whereas a de-motivated employee does not find any internal or psychological push to make himself committed to the teams goal. As mentioned by Van De Voorde et al. (2012) increased motivation among the employees directs them to take active part within the decision-making and they start to actualize the strategic goals with increased responsibility. As mentioned by Van De Voorde et al. (2012) the motivated employee do not hesitate to take some extra responsibility to meet the goal of the team; whereas a de-motivated employee treats it as an extra burden, which automatically decreases the quality of his performance and the team suffers the aftermath. However, as identified by Imran et al. (2014) motivation propels the employees to increase their productivity and the quality of service and with individual betterment of the performance the team start to perform better than ever. Moreover, as opined by Bal et al. (2012) employee motivation and resulted engagement typically helps the management in resolving the clashes within the team members. With increased motivation and dedication, an employee is ready to keep his personal interest aside and love to uphold the organizational visions. To run an organization co-ordination and co-operation are fundamentally necessary for the management. Employee motivation largely contributes to increase the level of co-ordination and co-operation among the employees. As discussed by Mowday et al. (2013) as motivation creates or increases the dedication or commitment to the organizational values the employees work satisfactorily within the organizational norms and specified structure. It helps the management in creating and better controlling the organizational teams. Employee motivation can be reflected in the achievement of set goals, conducive working environment and self-growth. With increased involvement within the organizational activities the motivated employees provides the organization a great level of organizational effectiveness. Conclusion: Hence from the above stated literature review and research, it can be said that employee motivation is one of the main prerequisites of increased organizational performance. With increased energy, commitment and creativity directs the employee to perform better that ever. It creates a sense of dedication to the company and the team; and the employees do not hesitate to keep his/ her personal benefit aside the advancement of the team. Moreover, with increased dedication to the organizational goals the employees start to provide the best service to the customers. The increased productivity, level of organizational efficiency and better managerial control over the human resource employee motivation helps in augmenting organizational performance and profit count. Thus, by encouraging the units of performance, employee motivation fundamentally helps in increasing the effectiveness of the organization. References: Bal, P.M., De Jong, S.B., Jansen, P.G. and Bakker, A.B., 2012. Motivating employees to work beyond retirement: A multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level study of the role of Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ deals and unit climate.Journal of Management Studies,49(2), pp.306-331. Forbes.com. 2016. Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2016]. Imran, H., Arif, I., Cheema, S. and Azeem, M., 2014. Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance, attitude towards work, and organizational commitment.Entrepreneurship and innovation management journal,2(2), pp.135-144. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), p.1. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Riggio, R., 2015.Introduction to industrial and organizational psychology. Routledge. Sageer, A., Rafat, S. and Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization.IOSR Journal of business and management,5(1), pp.32-39. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J. and Van Veldhoven, M., 2012. Employee wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ being and the HRMorganizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(4), pp.391-407.

The Way We Really Are Essays - Family, Single Parent,

The Way We Really Are? Position Paper (Article #12- The Way We Really Are) The author of this article portrays how the standard of the traditional family has changed over the past century. The article emphasizes on how marriages are becoming extinct and families are breaking away from the old fashioned way of raising children. For example, having both a father and a mother in the home full-time use to be the definition of the traditional family. The author seems to believe that the majority of society today is becoming accustomed to single parent homes and women being the major breadwinners in the home, thus making this the new traditional family lifestyle. As I was reading the statistics in this article I was very critical in believing the data that was given by the author. There were statistics given about the increase in unwed motherhood, divorce rates falling and rising, how much divorce has increased since the 1950s and how many people are staying unwed in the later 1900s. The author gave no indication of where or how she gathered her statistics. I do believe that the divorce rate in America is at an all time high for the start of the new millennium. I believe that Americans are forced to re-evaluate their opinion on what the traditional family is made up of. Children are forced to live with one parent, not having the traditional dream of both a mother and a Father, which is the image of what a real family is portrayed to be in the generation I was brought up with. The traditional lifestyle of a family use to be that the father was the major breadwinner, going out of the home and working long hours of labor for his family living on the wage of just one major breadwinner. The mother was the nurturer, staying home to take care of children and household chores. Because of changes in economical status in the late 1900s, families were forced to change their opinions on what was once known as traditional family lifestyle. Both parents would now have to work outside of the home in order to be able to afford everyday standard living expenses. This was not even to include expenses to cover buying a home or sending the children to college. Because more than 60% of women have to work outside of the home before their children reach their pre-school years, children are being raised by daycare centers and babysitters with little or no parental education. Women are still expected to uphold most or all of the nurturing and household duties even though working outside the home, leaving very little time to spend nurturing with children and spouse. Therefore causing much tension and turmoil in the home. Many couples cannot uphold the trials of marriage today. To most marriage seems to be hard work instead of a happy extension to ones family, explaining why statistics are showing more and more people who are choosing to remain unmarried. The article explains other reasons why more women are choosing to work outside of the home. Stating that women enjoy feeling equal in the economic portion of a relationship. Working outside the home gives them a feeling of adequacy or prestige. Being able to take care of themselves. Women feel sometimes less important in a relationship if forced to rely on another individual for everyday financial needs. It seems to be that the new traditional family consists of one parent and one income. It is a sad reality but true. In my opinion the author seems to be correct in its theory that marriage is becoming extinct. Divorce is still rising and more and more people seem to be choosing to stay single and have children out of wedlock. I do not see any solutions to the new wave of families in todays society. I find it very sad and do not look forward to what will become of our future. I can only pray that although few and far between, there will still be families that consist of both a mother and a father and some marriages will beat the odds and go the distance. Business

The Postmodern Perspective Of William Faulkner Essay free essay sample

Many critics consider William Faulkner a modernist author, mentioning the clip period between the 1930s and 40s as the epoch in which he wrote himself into and out of modernism. Indeed, Faulkner s novels during these old ages reflect many of the typical facets of modernist literature, and it is demonstrably advanced and alone. However, Faulkner appears to be making more than what the Modernists were using at the clip, particularly in the context of his experimentation with linguistic communication. In fact, the great Southern author appears to more so on the route to Postmodernism in his later plants than anything. During this period between the 30s and the 40s what critics call Faulkner s modernist epoch his authorship besides seems to flux with Lacan s poststructural theories of linguistic communication. Get downing with The Sound and the Fury in late 1929, Faulkner begins his journey through the Lacanian Mirror Stage, aware of the lingual Imaginary. We will write a custom essay sample on The Postmodern Perspective Of William Faulkner Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His attempt to craft the imagined universe of Yoknapatawpha reflects his early Modernist ego in Lacan s Fanciful order phase, taging his uncomfortable attitude towards his disaffection from the South he one time knew. Quentin, whom most critics see as a dual to Faulkner, is the embodiment of Faulkner s attitude, and his multiple visual aspects in Faulkner s novels marks the phase in Lacan s procedure of lingual development each clip. The age ends with the writer s fulfilment of the Lacanian journey, with nowhere to turn but back. Absalom, Absalom! and Afternoon of a Cow prove Faulkner s credence of the impossibleness of Lacan s Real, highlighted by a authorship manner which could be characterized as transitionally postmodernist. Faulkner s modernist/postmodernist individuality crisis between the 30s and 40s occurs during the writer s Lacanian development in linguistic communication and idea, stoping with the acknowledgment of literature s inability to interrupt the symbolic ceilin g.While it would be improbably shortsighted and doubtless incorrect to mention to The Sound and the Fury as developing and non modern, the novel is nevertheless Faulkner s most immature piece of literature in the context of Lacanian development. Here, Faulkner begins his problems with linguistic communication as he is ab initio trapped in the Imaginary phase. John T. Irwin, in his essay on Doubling and Incest in Faulkner s literature, suggests that Faulkner created the character of Quentin as an unconsciously dual of himself. Irwin purports that Faulkner s ain remarks about the fresh support this analogue between him and Quentin, particularly his acknowledgment of his ain failures in literature and destiny to recite the same narratives ( Irwin 280 ) . While most critics point to Caddy as the focal point of the novel because of her function as the absent centre, a Lacanian reading of the text implies that the absent centre is really Faulkner himself since he puts so much of himself into Quentin ( and some of the other characters as good, though it is most prevailing here ) . Quentin s chapter, which becomes increasingly more self-reflexive and dying, reveals Faulkner s ain concerns and discontent with linguistic communication. It ends with his ultimate disaffection from everyone and everything Quentin s self-destruction which is how L acan explains the mirror phase as stoping. Lacan describes the completion of the mirror phase as the formation of the Ego through subjectification, during which a individual undergoes a struggle between his or her ain perceptual experience of the ego and the existent ego through experience Lacan refers to this consequence as disaffection ( Evans 110 ) . Quentin has undergone this find of his ain world that which others have defined him to be and his perceptual experience of himself. As Irwin suggests, It is alluring to see in Quentin a alternate of Faulkner, a two-base hit who is fated to recite and reenact the same narrative throughout his life merely as Faulkner seemed fated to recite in different ways the same narrative once more and once more ( Irwin 281 ) . His decease signifies Faulkner s appraisal of his ain destiny. He predicts literary failure for himself due to the inability of linguistic communication to the full express everything he attempts to convey. This marks Faulkner s first brush with the futility of linguistic communication, and his first measure in Lacanian development.Through this interior struggle, Faulkner associates with Quentin, and other characters like him. Indeed, he puts a portion of himself in every character that he creates, but characters like Quentin best serve as literary representations of hi m when sing his problems with linguistic communication. Lacan holds that in the beginningaˆÂ ¦we exist as portion of one uninterrupted entirety of being. In this early phase of development, we experience noaˆÂ ¦sense of difference, and, exactly for this ground, the [ capable ] has no sense of a separate identityaˆÂ ¦there is no I and no other, and, Lacan insists, the two constructs come into being together ( Duvall and Abadie 98 ) . Faulkner s province at this point in his literary development is such as Lacan defines it. He has no sense of difference between himself and his work, and hence he meshes himself with Quentin and his other characters. However, his ain repressions appear in Quentin s ideas and words, and Faulkner is incognizant of the sum of similarities between himself and the character. Faulkner revised the debut [ to The Sound and the Fury ] several times. In its concluding version, in which Faulkner doubles Quentin s ain words in the novel. .. : So I, who had neer had a sister and was fated to lose my girl in babyhood, set out to do myself a beautiful and tragic small miss ( Irwin 283 ) . It is clearly through his ain connexion with Quentin that he learns how to link with this novel, but the relationship that he develops with the character finally blurs the line between himself and Quentin. Faulkner can see the spread between linguistic communication and world, but he can non look to guarantee the distinction between himself and his creative activities.A twelvemonth subsequently, Faulkner published his following novel, As I Lay Dying, in which he continues the lingual battles and development with the Bundren household. As Terrell Tebbetts suggests, each of the Bundren kids suffers his or her ain issue with linguistic communication: Cash can merely show himself through lists and figures, and though he seems perceptive at the terminal by explicating what happened to Darl, Cash recognizes Darl s jobs with linguistic comm unication but presumes that they the mistake of Darl, non linguistic communication ( Tebbetts 128-130 ) . But it is better so for [ Darl ] . This universe is non his universe ; this life his life ( Faulkner 149 ) . Cash speaks with a perceptual experience that is Faulknerian, as it reflects William Faulkner s anticipation of his ain destiny. In this novel, he connects most with Darl through their shared discontent with the defects of linguistic communication.Darl s lingual problems are the most serious, as he isolates himself through his inability to show his feelings. His jobs cause him to lose his individuality, repeatedly inquiring things about himself such as who am I. Early on in the novel, Vardaman asks what Darl s female parent is ( Vardaman describes his female parent as a fish ) , and Darl comments that he does non hold one. I have nt got ere one, Darl said. Because if I had one, it is was. And if it was, it cant be is. Can it? ( Faulkner 58 ) . Darl s construct of linguistic communication is that it describes world, and merely world. He perceives that he does non hold a female parent because she is dead ( hence, the was ) , yet what he truly means is that he no longer has a female parent. However, he gets so lost in his efforts to gestate this that he arrives at the determination that he does non hold a female parent. As alluded to earlier, these problems affect his ain individuality. I dont know what I am. I dont know if I am or non. Jewel knows he is, because he does non cognize that he does non cognize whether he is or non. He can non empty himself for slumber because he is non what he is and he is what he is non ( Faulkner 46 ) . Darl has entered the mirror phase along with Faulkner, and he is therefore cognizant of the struggles between his ain perceptual experiences and the perceptual experiences of others.Darl is foregrounding the spread between the form and the signified in linguistic communication, as Lacan calls it. Darl is our brother, our brother Darl. Our brother Darl in a coop in Jackson where, his grimed custodies lying visible radiation in the quiet interstices, looking out he foams ( Faulkner 146 ) . He has been improbably nonsubjective internally, seeing himself in an omniscient, third-person position, but this is a consequence of the inability to accommodate the existent him and the him that others perceive him to be ( the Lacanian form is their Darl, the signified is the existent Darl ) . Therefore, he becomes the best illustration in the novel of a character that, by go throughing through the mirror phase and come ining the Symbolic Realm, alienates himself wholly ( even within himself ) . Darl is besides, so, the most affiliated with Faulkner, since he becomes cognizant of the failure of linguistic communication to of all time state what one agency ( Duvall and Abadie 39 ) . Darl reflects what his female parent discovered much earlier: words are no good ; that words dont of all time fit even what they are seeking to state at ( Faulkner 99 ) . Addie besides saw the spread between experience and linguistic communication, which proves Cora s statement that Darl has the most in common with Addie, but her problems are more affiliated with the patriarchality of linguistic communication, and hence non as connected with Faulkner as Darl. Besides, Addie s decease is another illustration of what Faulkner sees as the futility of attempts to link world and linguistic communication. Likewise, despite Darl s development from the Mirror Stage into the Symbolic Stage, his destiny committedness to an insane refuge provides more grounds to turn out that Faulkner saw no manner to forestall these lingual problems from estranging and finally destructing his characters and himself. Therefore, Faulkner is still doubtless a Modernist at this point, every bit good as underdeveloped in the patterned advance of Lacanian development, because he sees no flight from such a destiny at this point. He would state that linguistic communication is a hinderance more than a aid. Darl Masterss linguistic communication internally, but he can non use it in world, therefore demoing thespread between linguistic communication and experience a modernist thought:aˆÂ ¦the integrity of the image threatens the topic with atomization, and the mirro r phase thereby gives rise to an aggressive tenseness between the topic and the image. In order to decide this aggressive tenseness, the kid identifies with the imageaˆÂ ¦ The minute of designation, when the topic assumes its image as its ain, is described by Lacan as a minute of exultation, since it leads to an fanciful sense of masteryaˆÂ ¦however, this exultation may besides be accompanied by a depressive reactionaˆÂ ¦ ( Evans 115 )While Faulkner would non hold known the psychological theories of Lacan, the characters of Quentin and Darl seem to suit the word picture of these issues good. However, these two characters are unable to come to footings with their image. While the terminal of Quentin s chapter does non stop with his self-destruction, we learn subsequently that he takes his ain life because he foresees no flight. Likewise, Darl s unmanageable laughter at the terminal of As I Lay Diing is his minute in which he has the chance to place with one portion of his disconnected ego but proves unable to make so. Darl s job is besides left unresolved, as his internal ego argues within, demanding an account for his false victory. They are both cognizant of their unstable provinces with linguistic communication. Additionally, the mirror phase is where the topic becomes alienated from itself, and therefore is introduced into the Fanciful order. Clearly both characters have entered this phase and happen themselves wholly alienated from themselves and the universe.Terrell Tebbetts claims that Vernon Tull is the lone character in the novel that can come to footings with this job, fall backing to the changeless usage of like in his descriptions and an employment of similes while speaking ( Tebbetts 130 ) . Tebbetts is misled, nevertheless, because Tull is really a Modernist character. By utilizing similes to pull comparings between things he is trying to specify, he is still hold oning for the ideal that Modernists spent their callings seeking to make. Alternatively, a Postmodernist would take advantage of linguistic communication instead than invariably highlight its failures ( as I will discourse subsequently ) . Tebbetts believes that Vernon Tull is Faulkner s manner of stating that the manner out of the job is acceptance, but the solution is more complicated than simple acknowledgment. Besides, characters like Darl, Addie, and Quentin all understood the spread between linguistic communication and world, which drove them to their ain signifiers of disaffection.As I Lay Dying besides features a degree of intended wit that is classified as dark, or black, wit. One of the best illustrations of dark comedy in the novel is when we find Addie Bundren propped up on a pillow in order to wa tch as Cash constructs her casket. Then [ Addie ] raises herself, who has non moved in 10 daysaˆÂ ¦She is looking out the window, at Cash crouching steadily at the board in the weakness lightaˆÂ ¦He drops the proverb and lifts the board for her to see, watching the window in which the face has non moved ( Faulkner 28 ) . This minute evokes immediate laughter because Cash, the oldest kid of the household, seems like a proud pet recovering its gimmick of the twenty-four hours for his maestro. Likewise, everyone sees the grotesque and gaunt figure of Addie rise as if from the dead in order to see her burial chamber and so return to her former place, apparently in blessing. Even more dark comedy prevarications in Faulkner s intended unfavorable judgment of the other characters positions toward each other. Every character that makes a negative remark about another is subsequently shown to be hypocritical, being unusual and far-out in his or her ain manner.Elementss of Faulkner s early novels, particularly As I Lay Dying, show that the writer was on the route to self-reflexivity and metafiction. Much of the Addie chapter, through its overcritical expression at the failure of linguistic communication, is self-reflexive because it is actively noticing on the words and thoughts presented in the novel, yet the self-aware elements seem merely present through deduction. Faulkner neer reaches his possible ( or becomes to the full cognizant of what he was making ) with the component of self-reflexivity until Absalom, Absalom! and Afternoon of a Cow. In his novels until so, Faulkner besides had a preoccupation with what Modernists referred to as the effort to do it new, seeking to experiment with literature and trying things unobserved earlier. He is foremost in the Mirror Stage, looking at the traditional novel with its content, signifier, mimetic doctrine of linguistic communication, and decides that he needs to interrupt from tradition. Then he enters the following phase the Symbolic and efforts to make new and modern literature. While in this phase, though, he realizes the futility of linguistic communication, and that everything he attempts fails. Faulkner repeatedly tries to accomplish literary transcendency, but all he writes is simply a symbol of what he genuinely intends. It is non until Absalom, Absalom! that he non merely accepts his province and failure, but he wittingly plays with the postmodern techniques and thoughts. In the novel, Faulkner uses linguistic communication to make what Lacan says it does reflect the status of the anomic topic, the fractured ego ( Moreland 47 ) . Nothing Faulkner efforts attains the literary transcendency for which he has been seeking, and so he realizes this, comes to footings with it, and makes merriment of this job.Faulkner s motion through the Lacanian lingual patterned advance led him prematurely to postmodernism. While he thought he was being modern by experimenting, he was really using many elements that surpassed the kingdom of modernism. As I Lay Diing was his first clear transitional work, in which it marked a route from modern to postmodern literature, as the novel hinges between the two genres itself ( although, as mentioned before, it should be classified as a modern text if it must be categorized. Faulkner resists many of the modernist techniques and doctrines, but his interruption from the motion was non clean, as he continued to scratch them. Patri ck ODonnell agrees with this, aware of the presence of ephemeral texts: Yet, there are minutes in the plants of the high-modernist writers I have mentioned that work beyondaˆÂ ¦that tear its bonds ( ODonnell 34 ) . His illustration from Faulkner is the manner in which some of his novels attempt to shatter the connectionaˆÂ ¦between trying to exceed the yesteryear, and being condemned to reiterate it ( 34 ) . This battle with the past no longer seems to be an issue one time Faulkner writes Absalom, Absalom! although it had been a focal point of his earlier novel, The Sound and the Fury. ODonnell agrees that the ulterior plant of William Faulkner present more important interruptions from modernism, proposing that Go Down, Moses is really a postmodern revision of Absalom, Absalom! ( 36 ) . However, Faulkner s work after that became much more conservative, returning to the modernist inclinations which he displayed at the beginning of his calling.Even a speedy reading of Absalom, Absalom! in comparing to Faulkner s early novels reveals big differences between the manners. Much like his presentations of characters in old novels, Faulkner puts elements of himself into his characters ; neverthe less, in this novel, he intentionally employs a self-reflexive concentration in order to make metafiction. It is here that Faulkner stops refering himself with epistemology and alternatively with ontology. Faulkner operates the text otherwise in Absalom, Absalom! in the manner that he exerts absolute control over every facet of the narrative and creates a commentary on linguistic communication and fiction. ODonnell refers to Faulkner non as the writer of the text of Absalom, Absalom! but as the unobserved bead that falls into a pool of H2O and gives rise to a series of ripplings, borrowing from Quentin s ain words in the novel ( Weinstein 31 ) . In other words, he becomes the accelerator for the things that of course occur. Faulkner puts adequate of himself into the novel that everything he has put into topographic point takes over for him. From this, he no longer stresses or stews over the futility of linguistic communication ; alternatively, he allows it to take over. The metafictional facet of Absalom, Absalom! lies in the alone construction and composing manner. Unlike his old enterprises, Faulkner dares to state a narrative within the narrative a narrative about storytelling . The act of stating a narrative is artistic because the storyteller imposes his or her ain will upon it, and it is hence subjective as good. Previously he is incognizant of the subjective nature of linguistic communication, and now he non merely accepts it, but he employs it every bit good ( his primary storyteller has a subjective point of view unlike what he has done antecedently ) . His attack in this fresh allows him to hold merriment with it, therefore accomplishing postmodern position and finishing his Lacanian development.Examples of the metafictional facets in the fresh appear most frequently during the subdivisions concentrating on or narrated by Quentin and Mr. Compson. In chapter four, Mr. Compson tells his boy, people excessively as we are, but victims of a different circumstance, simpler and hence, whole number for whole number, larger, more heroic and the figures hence more epic excessively, non dwarfed and involved but distinguishable, uncomplexaˆÂ ¦author and vi ctim excessively of a 1000 homicides and a 1000 copulationsaˆÂ ¦Perhaps you are right. Possibly any more light than this would be excessively much for it ( Faulkner 90 ) . This is possibly the most debatable illustrations of metafiction in the novel because of its focal point. While, so, it involves Mr. Compson noticing on literature through knocking a narrative, it is besides taking a Modernist s position. Faulkner, through Compson, is naming for a return to myth, reasoning that the fabulous narratives of the yesteryear are uncomplex and do non endure from the ambiguity that plagues modern literature. This focal point on the importance of myths is a common concentration of modernist authors, as is the call to utilize these narratives and do them new. Likewise, Compson seems to be suggesting at the significance of this declaration and its symbolism instead than being direct about his point, and deduction is the Modernist s manner of implementing metafiction. The lone redemptive factor of the address lies in his concluding words, utilizing possibly to mean his uncertainness, hence offering a postmodern, disbelieving position and rejecting absolute truth.The fact that the characters are actively stating the narrative of Sutpen and noticing on it at the same clip is slightly postmodern, as it is including and pulling attending to the writer within the narrative. There are besides times when the narration from a character goes on for such a long clip that the reader forgets who is stating the narrative, and at this point, the presence of Faulkner as a storyteller begins to go more apparent. It is besides so that remarks such as the address from Mr. Compson take on new and deeper significance, as the reader begins to tie in Faulkner with these thoughts more so than the characters. Another more complicated illustration of metafiction appears once more in chapter four, as Mr. Compson says:We have a few old mouth-to-mouth narratives ; we exhu me from old short pantss and boxes and shortss letters without salute or signature, in which work forces and adult females who one time lived and breathed are now simply initials or monikers out of some now inexplicable fondness which sound to us like Sanskrit or Chocktaw ; we see dimly people, the people in whose life blood and seed we ourselves laic dormant and waiting, in this shady fading of clip possessing now epic proportions, executing their actsaˆÂ ¦impervious to clip and incomprehensible. ( Faulkner 102-103 )Faulkner, one time once more through the oral cavity of Mr. Compson, is noticing on the province of literature, but more significantly, the uncertainness that literature creates as it all returns to mythology. As he suggests, we as readers have to recognize that every narrative that is told is simply a representation of another, and each is besides a mere representation of world. This besides gets back to Faulkner s job with linguistic communication it neer says what you want it to intend. However, it seems now that he has arrived at a hole for this jobThe character of Judith, when discoursing the narrative, comments that words are mere abrasions without intending but it does nt count that it is so ( Faulkner 131 ) . This differs from the position of earlier novels characters because Judith both comes to footings with the nonsense of linguistic communication and decides that it is no longer debatable for her. When asked if she wants Miss Rosa to read the miss ive, Judith answers, YesaˆÂ ¦Or destruct it. As you like. Read it if you like or dont read it if you like. Because you make so small feeling, you see ( Faulkner 130 ) . Clearly Judith recognizes the futility of linguistic communication, but she besides overcomes the job, caring non whether Rosa reads the missive or non, because it will non do much of a difference either manner. Harmonizing to Tebbetts, Postmodernists see human efforts to depict and set up truth non merely as futile but even as destructive ( Tebbetts 131 ) . In other words, if linguistic communication is purely symbolic, so it can non take us to truth. This comes from a poststructuralist position that truth is a transcendent form and does non be ( Lewis 96 ) . The fresh embraces this, and Faulkner no longer struggles with the uncertainness of linguistic communication. Some critics see the novel as holding a form of uncertainness, which is seeable through its usage of words like possibly and possibly. Faulkner had been rejecting this in his earlier novels, but he is eventually encompassing it here.Faulkner besides chooses to use the metafiction to inform the reader about his Lacanian journey with linguistic communication. Lacan says that when the person is able to divide and quash a portion of itself, it enters the symbolic kingdom. The capable becomes cognizant of its absent centre but is driven by desire to make full the nothingness of absence. For Sutpen in Absalom, Absalom! Falkner s fleeting substitute for the continuance of this narrative his enlightenment minute occurs in Chapter Seven, when he is turned off at the plantation owner s house ( Duvall and Abadie 47 ) . Faulkner, looking back on the past, looks at Sutpen in his Mirror Stage and radiances visible radiation on his ain. Before this minute, Quentin says that Sutpen was no more witting of his appearanceaˆÂ ¦ or of the possibility that anyone else would be that he was of his tegument ( Faulkner 185 ) . At this point, Sutpen has evolved into the Symbolic Stage, merely as Faulkner does in his earlier novels.Faulkner s manner in the novel is more unwritten than literary, and the novel flows through ideas and character duologue that frequently seems like Faulkner himself is orally associating the narrative to his hearers. Critic Conrad Aiken agrees, naming his alone manner grossly overelaborate and grammatically raging ( Aiken 135 ) . However, Aiken claims that this proves Faulkner s Modernist run, which is, as proved therefore far, shortsighted since Absalom, Absalom! is the writer s most postmodern book. What he achieves through this manner is the defamiliarization of linguistic communication, film overing the boundaries of literature. It is these drawn-out, apparently ceaseless sentences in the novel that reflect Faulkner s purposes. Similarly, he besides enacts a maneuver of delayed revelation through this attack, get downing a subdivision of a narrative and suddenly halting to stray onto something else. This manner in which he withholds the points and significance of his sentences, information about characters, and the continuances of half-finished narratives is basically Lacanian.A word picture of Faulkner s novel as either modern or postmodern requires understanding of what it means to be a postmodern piece of fiction. Postmodernist literature is frequently perceived as a reaction to Modernism, which legion writers, poets, and bookmans worried was going progressively excessively conventional and traditional. Likewise, they frequently saw Modernism as an elitist signifier of authorship, since it was normally hard and vague. They cited the many complex literary mentions as a beginning of this, and suggested tha t Modernism was providing merely to the extremely educated because of these mentions. Postmodernism, in response, often involves pop cultural mentions, including those to other postmodern plants, popular art, telecasting shows, political relations, well-known historical happenings, and films. Postmodernism is besides frequently jumbled with atomization, but the usage of atomization is much more terrible than in Modernism, as there is sometimes no clear secret plan, characters sometimes seem pointless, the narrative is broken up and baffled ( frequently beyond fix ) . This utmost degree of atomization is frequently used to do the point that literature is frequently more about what is under the surface, and that cognition of a novel s secret plan does non vouch that a reader has gotten all significance from the work. Even Faulkner s daring nature and separation from Modernism does non develop into what postmodern literature is known for.In order to reply the inquiry of where Faulkner falls in the spectrum of modern and postmodern literature, one must turn to scholarshi p that identifies obvious postmodernism and find if Faulkner lives up to the criterions. Barry Lewis, writer of Postmodernism and Literature, provides a great description of postmodernism as it applies to literature. He purports that the literature that best falls into this class was written between 1960 and 1990, and that anything earlier is ephemeral ( Lewis 96 ) . He suggests that the most of import elements of postmodernity are temporal upset, medley, comfortableness with atomization, diarrhea of association, paranoia, barbarous circles, and linguistic communication upset ( 95-105 ) . Likewise, Lewis besides brings Jacques Derrida s construct of drama as a postmodernism technique. Alternatively of the modernist pursuit for intending in a universe of pandemonium, the postmodern writer denies, frequently playfully, the possibility of significance ( 98 ) . As a consequence, the postmodern novel is frequently a lampoon of the modernist pursuit. Within Faulkner s plants, there are elements of each of these features, but they all seem to look faintly and fleetingly. For illustration, temporal upset is overtly obvious in The Sound and the Fury because Faulkner blurs the line between all clip yesteryear and nowadays are difficult to separate. However, as Lewis would hold, Faulkner does non accomplish the grade of upset associated with postmodernist fiction. Alternatively of acknowledging that history repetitions itself and that there are definite concrete minutes in clip, Postmodernists instead do all clip obscure and lampoon other plants compulsion with clip ( 98 ) . Faulkner s Quentin in The Sound and the Fury would hold been really Modernist in this class, since his preoccupation with clip is ultimately portion of what destroys him. However, Absalom, Absalom! removes this concern wholly, being wholly unconcerned about the transition of clip since it does non count. In fact, the novel s construction, invariably switching tenses between present and past of all time so seamlessly, is postmodern. Therefore, some of these postmodern qualities appear in the novel, but others do non.Another of import facet of postmodern literature that Lewis points out is medley, which literally means to unite and glue together multiple elements. Pastiche, so, arises from the defeat that everything has been done before. .. postmodernist authors tend to tweak existing manners higgledy-piggledy from the reservoir of literary history, and fit them with small tact. This explains why many modern-day novels borrow the apparels of different signifiers ( Lewis 99 ) . Although there are some critics who suggest that this is portion of Faulkner s repertory, reasoning that he employs this in Absalom, Absalom! at that place does non look to be adequate grounds to turn out that he is actively doing the fresh parodic. Indeed, there are clearly elements within the narrative that suggest that Faulkner had the authoritative Southern Gothic novel in his heard while composing it, such as the concluding conversation between Shreve and Quentin at the terminal: Now I want you to state me merely one thing more. Why do you detest the South? I dont hatred it, Quentin said, rapidly, at one time, instantly, I dont hatred it ( Faulkner 395 ) . Quentin, who frequently represents Faulkner, may be quashing something, and it really good could be a shared feeling of Faulkner ; nevertheless, there has non been adequate legitimate grounds or scholarship to turn out this relationship. Therefore, the novel is non a lampoon, which hurts its opportunities at being classified as a postmodern novel.Modernists treat atomization and subjectiveness as experiential crises a job that must be solved, which their literature efforts to make. Postmodernists, nevertheless, believe that this issue is unsurmountable, and the lone reactionist action that is worthwhile is to play with the helter-skelter inclinations. In postmodern literature, gaiety becomes the major focal point, therefore doing any order or irrefutable truth extremely improbable. Faulkner, at least in his early plants and Absalom, Absalom! does non look to venture really deep into this gaiety. Indeed, there is decidedly a presence of this in Absalom, Absalom! but it neer reache s the extremeness that other major postmodern plants achieve. Compared to a work like Kurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse-Five, Faulkner s fiction does non stand up in footings of where it falls on the modern/postmodern graduated table. The first chapter of Vonnegut s book begins by stating, All this happened, more or less I ve changed all the names. I truly did travel back to Dresden.. . I went back at that place with an old war brother, BernardaˆÂ ¦ ( Vonnegut 1 ) . The writer blurs the line between where his influence terminals and where the storyteller ( who is, in other words, understood to be separate from the writer ) begins. The first chapter seems more like a foreword by the writer, or a ulterior remark on his novel that should come after the text ; alternatively, Vonnegut s first class of action is to put himself up as both the writer and storyteller. It is clearly postmodern because he is forthright about it alternatively of connoting the bleary line. I would detest to state you what this icky small book cost me in money and anxiousness and clip. When I got place. .. I thought it would be easy for me to compose and I thought, excessively, that it would be a chef-doeuvre or at least do me a batch of money, since the topic was so large ( Vonnegut 2-3 ) . The reader is cognizant of the fact that the storyteller is besides the author, and that the author is speaking about the procedure of authorship: this is, doubtless, one of the best illustrations of playfully postmodern metafiction around, and Faulkner s degree of metafiction does non even compare. John Barth, another well-known postmodernist novelist, published an essay in 1979 entitled Literature of Replenishment, which was meant as a response to his earlier essay, Literature of Exhaustion. The Replenishment that Barth refers to is postmodern literature, since he was naming for an inspection and repair of Modernism in his earliest essay. In Literature of Replenishment Barth says,My ideal Postmodernist writer neither simply repudiates nor simply imitates either his twentieth-century Modernist parents or his nineteenth-century premodernist grandparents. He has the first half of our century under his belt, but non on his dorsum. Without sinking into moral or artistic oversimplification, cheapjack workmanship, Madison Avenue venality, or either false or existent naivete , he however aspires to a fiction more democratic in its entreaty than such late-Modernist wonders as Beckett s Texts for Nothing The ideal Postmodernist novel will somehow lift above the wrangle between pragmatism and irrealism, formalism and contentism, pure and committed literature, coterie fiction and debris fiction ( Barth 22 )Barth sets the criterion for what postmodern literature needs to carry through, every bit good as how it should be written. Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse-Five meets all of these demands, while nil of Faulkner s can compare.While Absalom, Absalom! boasts many features that make the novel appear postmodern, it still seems to hold excessively small in common with the clear postmodern plants of recent old ages. As with every other literary motion, Modernism met its extremum someplace in the center of its clip and began a diminution in the last few old ages of its prominence. Somewhere in between the autumn of Modernism and the rise of Postmodernism lies Faulkner. One of his commonly overlooked short narratives, Afternoon of a Cow, appears to be his most postmodern piece, and it is his last flirting with the postmodern daring before returning to a more conservative, overtly modern manner of composing in the waning old ages of his calling. Afternoon of a Cow is the definition of Faulkner s self-reflexivity, and it is every bit postmodern as the writer gets since it achieves its metafiction through open description and commentary instead than deduction. Likewise, the narrative is a self-parody. Written under a anonym, the short narrative takes a bantering attack to Faulkner s manner in his old novels. Faulkner himself is the chief character, though the storyteller is Ernest V. Trueblood: the purported writer of the narrative every bit good, and the individual whom Faulkner pretends to be his shade author. Much in the mode of a postmodernist writer, Faulkner plays with this piece of fiction to notice on the narrative within a narrative the narrative about his literature and how he ( Faulkner ) views his past achievements.Ernest V. Trueblood, clearly an fanciful character, even though Faulkner purports that he is the existent shade author of his past novels, tells the narrative but focuses prevalently on William Faulkner as a character, so much that the compulsion becomes inordinate. However, it becomes obvious once the reader recognizes that Faulkner is the existent creative person that the map of this preoccupation is for Faulkner the author to be overcritical of himself and his authorship from an foreigner s point of position. In the narrative, Trueblood explains that every twenty-four hours Mr. Faulkner informs him what to compose and Trueblood adapts Mr. Faulkner s narratives into recognizable pieces of fiction ( Faulkner 421 ) . This, if true, would account for the unwritten construction of novels such as Absalom, Absalom! Besides, the character may be a lampoon of characters in Absalom, Absalom! who express a captivation with lineages, sing that the storyteller s name is Trueblood. As mentioned earlier, the alleged separation between Faulkner and Trueblood allows for a metafiction: aˆÂ ¦with the exclusion of myself, whose pattern and belief it has neer been to name any animal, adult male, adult female, kid or least, out of its rightful name merely as I permit no 1 to name me out of mine, though I am cognizant that behind my back bothaˆÂ ¦refer to me as Ernest be ToogoodaˆÂ ¦ ( Faulkner 421 ) . Since Faulkner claims that Trueblood is his shade author, he therefore represents the writer side of himself. His remark about neer mentioning to anyone with its rightful name suggests that anything he has of all time written about has been a world at one clip, adapted into fiction with the names a ltered ( film overing the lines of world and imaginativeness ) . Faulkner is besides placing for the reader the manner in which his existent individuality ever seemed to be different than his composing individuality. He is clearly being self-reflexive, looking back on himself in add-on to his authorship. Likewise, Trueblood is repeatedly extremely critical of Mr. Faulkner, stating on multiple occasions that he is violently sedentary and normally expresses a unenrgetic wit ( Faulkner 427 ) . The storyteller besides calls him out for other features, but these are evidently unfavorable judgments of Faulkner s authorship manner, hence in world being self-reflexive approximately himself as an writer. When the cow empties its vesica and bowels onto Faulkner, the temper and manner of the narrative instantly alterations, as does the tone of Mr. Faulkner s actions. The narrative ends with Faulkner depriving in the stallss and rinsing himself, after which Trueblood comments that the existent and soft Mr. Faulkner has retreated once more and the violent and inactive personality has returned. The cow s laxation of the writer is what brings out the existent Faulkner, which is a blending of Trueblood and Mr. Faulkner a quiet and philosophical being that is the writer in his basest signifier. When the original Mr. Faulkner returns, though, he one time once more becomes the foolhardy failure that he tried to soak off to society in interviews and friendly relationships as his existent ego.Much of the wit in the narrative is a postmodern black wit, since it focuses on a cow s laxation onto Mr. Faulkner. It besides lies in the beautiful and flowery descriptions that Trueblood utilizations, which are extremely dry sing the disgusting subject. The storyaˆÂ ¦is a barnyard gag, but he tells it in a entirely inappropriate manner, as if it were the material of high love affair ( Grimwood 5 ) . Likewise, many of the descriptions and words that Trueblood uses seem as if they were taken right from Absalom, Absalom! : The wit is intensified for those who recognize that such a transition is non at all foreigner to William Faulkner s ain manner ( Volpe 222 ) . The writer is clearly cognizant of the verbal maze that his last novel had been, and so this short narrative can be see a lampoon of that manner. In fact, as Grimwood points out, Faulkner was composing Afternoon of a Cow at the same clip that he was completing Absalom, Absalom! ( Grimwood 4 ) . After a meeting for dinner one clip, Faulkner gave his friend a transcript of both Afternoon of a Cow and Absalom, Absalom! stating him that they were the complete plants of Trueblood and that they must be read together. Of class, the two plants of fiction were non written by anyone besides Faulkner, and he merely said this to divide them from his earlier texts and to affect upon his reader that they are meant to be coupled, the short narrative noticing on the novel. Ernest V. Trueblood s manner exhibits the rhetorical extremism we associate with William Faulkner ( Grimwood 7 ) . The narrative is an auctorial dissection of his individuality as an writer, peculiarly the 1 in whose position the novel is told. Afternoon of a Cow decidedly seems to be an early postmodernist work, but even if it is, one work out of many does non do him a postmodernist. As Terrell Tebbetts makes clear in the first line of his essay, Faulkner was non a postmodernist, and he did non go a postmodernist either ; nevertheless, his motion through Lacan s lingual patterned advance led him prematurely to postmodernism ( Tebbetts 125 ) . While Faulkner thought he was really being modern by experimenting with literature, he was genuinely exceling the kingdom of the Modernists. As I Lay Diing was basically his first transitional novel in which he began this clear way from modernism to postmodernism, as the novel hinges between the two genres. Absalom, Absalom! and Afternoon of a Cow were his most postmodern pieces, though they, excessively, simply hit the outer shell of this literary cl ass. I besides think his rejection of what we consider pop civilization undercuts the statement that he is postmodernist, given that he follows more so the modern position here. Numerous facets of his composing reject elements of modernism, but they besides frequently employ and embrace these same elements at times. Even though Faulkner managed do it to postmodernism even before it was developed and characterized, he failed to interrupt the ceiling by returning to his old methods of composing. Likewise, Faulkner s fiction abides by Lacan s phases of lingual development, and even though he develops as an writer and critic of linguistic communication merely as a kid grows and matures, he merely briefly trades with the attacks to linguistic communication after germinating into the Symbolic and Imaginary phases. Any critic who defines William Faulkner as a postmodernist is misled and clearly non well-read in Faulkner s repertory ; on the other manus, critics who call him a modernist should see reviewing his literature through a postmodern lens, since they will detect, as I have, that William Faulkner is one of those rare ephemeral authors of the 20th century.

St Augustines Philosophy

St Augustines Philosophy St Augustine has been viewed as one of the most notable political philosophers of his time. He was from a troubled background and his works on confessions closely and candidly brings out the thoughts of a troubled individual. It is therefore not surprising that his philosophical thought is complex, paradoxical, contradictory and very incisive. Augustine strongly believed in the theory of individualism because he argues that human beings are descendants of Adam and Eve, although it does not place a burden on people. Individuals are determinants of their own destinies. Augustine further argues that all men are created in God’s image, the image of goodness (Condon 79). It naturally follows that God controls human behavior so that human beings only perform that which is good. In this sense, God’s presence in an individual’s life is compared to light. A man is inspired by God’s command to act in an orderly manner and avoid evil. Augustine views women as impure and easily corrupted by the earthly. He views women as being members of the city of damned and being responsible for taking man away from God. Man must always strive to keep away from sin by doing God’s purpose.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on St Augustine’s Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He therefore looks at Eve and women in general as being descendants of the damned city since they sin not based on necessity but on their own selfish happiness. He views any individual who engages in sin (sex) purely for pleasure as belonging to the city of the damned. Those who pursue earthly happiness characterize this city. Under this category, we have the circumcellions, the donatists and the heretics. Such individuals have no God’s light. On the other hand, there are those who may have sinned purely as an obligation. Such individuals are descendants of Adam. Adam had to obey Eve if he had to f ulfill God’s purpose of regeneration (MacCulloch 37). The sinning by Eve was not all negative for it is through sinning that Eve came to know much beyond goodness (light). Eve and man were able to know between evil and goodness, suffering and joy, and toiling and happiness. Augustine argues that the early stoics or the early Christians could be divided into two. Some were much concerned about earthly possessions while others pursued Godly. The state should only protect individuals who pursue good (light), those who worship according to the prescribed form. This category of individuals is righteous because they have God’s light. Such are people who pay taxes, respect authorities, tolerate the views of others and lead a virtuous life. God’s presence in an individual enables him/her to achieve goals that are consistent with the provisions of the church. Such individuals know the truth meaning that they can differentiate between evil and good. They always tell the t ruth and live according to societal principles. God’s light or presence inspires an individual to know the truth while the truth in turn enables an individual to act or behave according to God’s will. Augustine’s conceptualization of justice rests on the Roman maxim. He believes that those who worship other gods must be punished by the state. This punishment must rest on reciprocal justice that is, a knife for a knife and a tooth for a tooth. There are those according to Augustine who live contrary to the virtues postulated by Plato. For such, the pursuit of earthly pleasures receives precedence. These include the search for personal glory, earthly possessions among others.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They have elevated other men to positions of God. They belong to the city of the damned and are responsible for their actions. Such individuals have a lienated themselves from the church and judgment has already been passed on them meaning that light is unchangeable. While such individuals sin, God will not stop them from sinning for it is believed judgment has already been passed even before one is born. Through this, Augustine comes out as intolerant for he does not respect the rights of others particularly the pagans. His desire is to institutionalize the church. He appreciates that the church and the state must work together although he elevates the church to a higher position in hierarchy. Plato’s works on the parable of the cave, particularly the sun, may help to elucidate Augustine’s arguments. Plato in the Republic employs the sun as an allegory for the source of light, perhaps logical enlightenment, which he believed to be the type of the Good. This is sometimes understood as Platos belief of God. Plato uses the sun to show how truth can be acquired (Sayers 21). Socrates is the orator of the ‘Republicà ¢â‚¬â„¢, although it is normally assumed that the views articulated therein are Platos. The eyeball, Plato states, is strange among the intellect organs because it requires an intermediate, specifically light, to function. The well-built and greatest source of brightness is the sun. With the sun, things can be distinguished evidently. Plato postulates that it is similar to comprehensible things that is, the permanent and everlasting forms that are eventual objects of systematic and rational study. Condon, Matthew. â€Å"The Unnamed and the Defaced: The Limits of Rhetoric in Augustine’s Confessions†, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 69 (1), 2001. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation A History. London: Penguin Books, 2003. Sayers, Sean. Plato’s Republic: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on St Augustine’s Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pag e Learn More

Diana Coole and Samantha Frost argue that social and political enquiry Essay - 1

Diana Coole and Samantha Frost argue that social and political enquiry needs a new ontology which incorporates matter. Why What problem are they trying to address and how persuasive is their solution - Essay Example Coole and Frost insist that emerging realities in the fields of sciences, arts, geography, and other disciplines are sufficient proof that matter contains more active and viable qualities that previously thought. A precise understanding of the case made by the two thinkers regarding the need for ontological reviews of political and social inquiries should begin with an assessment of the new qualities, which they assign to matter. Coole and Samantha argue that matter is an excess and a force. By this, they imply that it can influence actions, activities, and processes in as many areas as it is represented. Furthermore, the two philosophers adopt the position that matter has some form of relationality and an element of difference. According to their argument, these qualities make matter active, unpredictable, self-creative, and productive. These new perceptions of matter foster alternative views regarding the influence and relationship between matter and discourses such as political and social realities. Coole and Frost engages significantly with the problem of dualism, which makes it problematic in dealing with the cultural theory. Within the context of new materialism, the two authors seek to entrench the view that the mind is essentially a material entity. By this position, new materialism challenges the views adopted by transcendentalism and humanism, which emphasize on the duality between the mind and the body. New materialism suggests that the body is the object of the mind and the two are not entirely separate but relate in one uniform continuum. It is important to regard new materialism in light of the different aspects that relate to it. For instance, by emphasizing on the primacy of the material, this new approach promotes the matter to a level that articulates various concerns that relate to the characteristic of various discourses. Other proponents of the position adopted by Coole and Frost suggest that matter feels, suffers,

New Horizon mission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

New Horizon mission - Essay Example The flight, making use of nuclear power, will cover almost five hundred million kilometers in about ten years. On its way, the spacecraft will also be assisted by the gravity of Jupiter as it passes the massive planet. The fact that a radio signal takes only about four hours to traverse the same distance notwithstanding, the Mission’s flight is still among the longest as well as the fastest expeditions mankind has ever known.   Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper is an overview of the New Horizons Mission offering insights into the various facets of the Mission such as the background the Mission, the objectives, the expected data and its presumed value, processes involved in the conversion and analysis of raw data, the records to be maintained, their content and the players involved in the making of these records, the transmission of the data from one level to another, the methods of sorting and arranging data along with its estimated size before it is finally made available to the public and the proposed timeline of events.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The paper throws light on all the stages of the Mission right from pre-flight to the publication of data on the internet. The Mission is as transparent as well as it is philanthropic for there are no narrow motives nor any patents on the information collected. That all the information is free and public is a very distinctive feature of the Mission. The aim of the NASA’s New Frontiers Program, effective since 2003, is to keep exploring the solar system using spacecrafts. New Horizons is the name given to the first of the New Frontiers missions undertaken by NASA’s Office of Space Science. Though it was launched more than eight years ago, it has not become as popular as it should have. Popular or not, this principal investigator (PI) – led mission to outer planets is indeed very impressive for it seeks to explore and make the first reconnaissance of certain parts of our immediate vicinity of the known

Analysis of the 2nd Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Essay

Analysis of the 2nd Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Environments - Essay Example During the past ages the nature of the environment was quite comforting as it portrayed a particular unique beauty. According to the information from this chapter, the appreciation of the authentic environment is much different from the past centuries, and the nature of the environment is being transformed and replaced by art. Authentically it is said that the structures being constructed on the natural environment were initially meant to be helpful to the human beings and they were supposed to be constructed without much interference of the natural structure of the location of the constructions (Carson & Berleant, 2007). The chapter also explains how in countries such as the United States of America, so many constructions have been erected by the architectures and the building are no longer serving their purpose because it has reached an extent where people are now very uncomfortable living in those particular structures. The chapter also explains that some of the constructions bein g put up in the present century are being exaggerated in such a way that a person may fail to tell from far whether the building is a church, a mall or a house. It is explained in the chapter that today's buildings are constructed in a way that portrays a different picture of what the building is meant to represent. According to the author of this book, constructions should be designed to match its purpose and that the design features should be able to go together with its use. There are several considerations that should be looked into also before the constructions and these include the space, the lighting, the sounding system, and the construction surfaces among other thing (Carson & Berleant, 2007). This chapter also explains how the environment is closely related to human beings, and wants to make the reader understand that the environment is very compatible with the human being. It goes on to explain the relationship between the environment’s nature and the human beings. That the environment has many positive impacts on human life and the way it can have negative impacts too depending on how they associate with each other. The environment has everything to do with human beings and, therefore, whatever is constructed in it will always be because of them. For that reason, then it is explained in the chapter how constructions should be put up after investigations have been made which ensure how comfortable the environment is. Therefore, the environment is constructed by architectures according to their desired designs to attract and please the eyes of the users and at the same time the environment where the construction is taking place should be checked carefully and considerations made to ensure the comfort of the users. The chapters are all about the constructions being put up in the natural environment and how they should be done selectively. That the surroundings of the people living within it or inside the constructions must be conducive (Carson & Berleant, 2007). However, the constructions being built anywhere should also be made in such ways that they do not interfere harshly with the environment. This is because the people who are to occupy the buildings will still need those natural resources within the environment. Constructions easily pollute and destroy the

Buffer Overflow Attacks And Types Computer Science Essay

Buffer Overflow Attacks And Types Computer Science Essay Abstract Buffer Overflows are one of the main reasons for problems in a computer system. Statistics in this report have shown that the number of attacks in the past 20 years is increasing drastically and it is buffer overflow which is also rated the most occurring attack. This paper basically provides the various prevention techniques for Buffer Overflow attacks, like Canaries, DEP and ASLR, and more which have been deployed and are working well to a certain extent. Introduction It is the job of the compiler to check for errors or vulnerabilities in the code. In C, the compiler is not so very efficient to detect these logical errors. The simplest form of a buffer overflow attack would be as follows:- char buf1[5]; char buf2[10]=A1B2C3D4E5; strcpy(buf1,buf2); The above 3 lines of code are compiled without any error by the C compiler as there are no syntactical errors. But logically we are copying a string of 10 chars into a buffer which can hold only 5 chars. This might be a small typing error on the programmers side, but results in an attack which can overwrite the data which might have been stored in the memory location next to the space allocated for buf1. This is Buffer Overflow. Its types are explained in the section below. Buffer Overflow Attacks types. Buffer Overflow Attack as defined by Kramer (2000) occurs when a program or a process tries to force more data into a buffer than it is actually intended to hold. The simplest examples to explain this is the program above, but in laymans terms, let us assume 2 jugs, one with a capacity of 2 litres and another of 1 litre. If you try to empty the 2litres of water into the jug which can hold only 1 litre, you spill 1 litre of water. This attack can have many consequences on a system like incorrect results, security breach or even a system crash. Posey (2005) explains the different types of Buffer Overflow attacks. There are basically two kinds of buffer overflow attacks: 1. Heap-based attacks and 2. Stack-based attacks. In Heap-based attack the attacker floods the memory space which is actually reserved for the program. This attacks is not exactly easy as it feels, hence the number of attacks with respect to the heap are very rare. In Stack-based attack, the attacker takes advantage of the stack, a part of the memory reserved for the program to store data or addresses. The attacker then partially crashes the stack and forces the program execution to start from a return address of a malicious program address which is actually written by the attacker. Statistics Fig 1. Buffer Overflow Statistics Statistics from the National Vulnerability Database(2011) show the occurrence of Buffer overflow attacks. It ranges from 1989 to 2011. The graph is declining in the last 3-4 years, but experts say that there is a possibility that it may rise again. Prevention Techniques Some host based mechanisms to prevent Buffer Overflow Attacks are mentioned below: Detection Elimination: Kuperman(2005) says detection and elimination of the vulnerable code is necessary before someone takes advantage of that code. In this technique there are ways in which software searches for some specific type of code. This is known as Source Code Auditing. Vernon (2003) in his WhitePaper has mentioned techniques and ways how it is done. Kuperman has also mentioned about a group, OpenBSD Group, a group which audits the source code free of cost for a BSD based Operating System. The time taken for analysis is large and the expertise of the volunteers determine their efficiency. Complier Modifications: A technique to avoid buffer overflow attack is to modify the way the data is stored in the memory. StackGuard is a type of a complier which can be used to add gaps in the memory in between, these gaps are known as Canaries. It works in the following way: whenever a function gets a return call, it reads the canary on the stack and check for any modification. If it finds the canary is modified it understands it is under attack. (Kuperman, 2005). Another Complier, ProPolice uses pointers to address memory locations. ProPolice is also an enhancement concept of StackGuard. Frantzen Shuey (2001) in their article have mentioned about StackGhost. StackGhost is a unique technique which was developed by Sun Microsystems. It detects the change in return pointers without actually affecting the program. It effect on the throughput is also negligible. This made attackers much more difficult to do a buffer overflow. Array Bounds Checking: Cowan et al(2000) have explained each time an operation needs to be performed on an array, we can do the boundary checking. If boundary is reached it wont allow writing into the array, thus avoiding the buffer overflow. Similarly we can write a code to check the size of each buffer when writing. If the destination buffer is bigger than the other which is to be copied, then its ok or dont allow it. This technique although might work, but is very costly to implement as it will delay the actual process. Non-Executable Stack: Fritsch (2009) explains marking of the stack as Non-Executable can help stopping Buffer Overflow. But this in turn also stops genuine programs from executing directly from the stack. Sanders (2009) had also mentioned the same technique. The article mentioned that Microsoft had included a security feature in its new service pack for Windows XP (it was Win XP SP2). This was known as DEP (Data Execution Prevention). DEP is of 2 types: Hardware and Software. In Hardware DEP some parts of the memory were marked as Non-Executable by the processor. But again this was a bit tricky as not all processors supported Hardware DEP. Software DEP on the other hand watches the exception thrown by program and checks whether they actually belong to the program. Address Space Layout Randomization: Wagle (2003) has mentioned that earlier the attacker used to insert a large number of nop instructions, to work around the memory location. ASLR randomly allocates memory locations to the code and data, thus making it difficult for the attacker to find the instructions. Proof Carrying Code (PCC): Necula (1997) says PCC is a technique which checks the properties of the program, and the code and also checks its security policy and determines whether it should allow it to execute it or not. SmashGuard: Kuperman(2005) has explained this technique uses a modification of the normal call ret instructions. Whenever a call instruction is encountered along with the actual entry of the return address on the stack another entry on the data stack within the processor. Then when it encounters the ret instruction it matches both the return addresses. If it matches it goes ahead with the execution else if a match is not found then it terminates the program. Also no changes are made to the data. This is a technique which works well with Brute Force Attack. Split Stack: Kuperman (2005) has explained that Split Stack or Secure Address Return Stack (SAS) is a proposed technique to prevent buffer overflow attack. In this technique two software stacks are used, one for control information and another for data information. Hence even if an attacker gains access to the data stack, he cannot affect the control stack. Although it might need to read and write from 2 stacks it is worth the time. Write Correct Code: Cowan et al (2000) writes, the best way to avoid any kind of attack if to write good and correct code. It is a humans tendency to write and forget the code, but that same code can be checked by someone else as well. The above mentioned prevention techniques are only few of them which are available; there are many techniques available for prevention against Buffer Overflow Attacks and various other attacks. Risks Fritsch (2009) in another article has explained the way to bypass ASLR protection. He explains there exists a flaw in the random number generation for ASLR. He explains it is not so very difficult to predict the randomization address. Writing a program which will try and brute force the memory location till it finds the correct one breaks the ASLR protection. Symantec Architect Mr. Whitehouse (2007) had mentioned the problem of ASLR in Windows Vista. Research by Mr. Bojinov (2011) shows pre-linking can help in implementing ASLR on Android phones. He has introduced retouching which is similar in design to prelinking. Also crash stack analysis is introduced which uses crash reports on the local device to prevent brute-force attacks. Conclusion This report includes what exactly are buffer overflow attacks, the defenses mechanisms which can be build up to prevent against them. Buffer Overflow attacks are on the top when discussing about penetration issues or buffer related vulnerability issues. Earlier it were only professionals amateurs who were trying buffer overflow attacks, but now the situation has changed, a small keyword search Buffer Overflow Attack Programs returns results with detailed tutorials and description to perform it. Also the National Vulnerability Database shows that Buffer Overflow attacks have reduced in the past 3 years, but no one knows when situations might change.

Free Essay on Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures Of Huck Finn "The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time.... so, when I couldn't stand it no longer I lit out into my rags and was free and satisfied, but she always took me back." Huck is having trouble adjusting to living with the widow. He is accustomed to living free in the woods, without worrying about possessions, language, or cleanliness. Chap.1: pg.4 "Pretty soon I wanted to smoke and asked the widow to let me, but she wouldn't." This is just another example of Huck losing his freedom, as on his own he would have done what he wanted to. Chap.1: pg.6 "And then I put out the light and scrambled out of the window on to the shed." Huck is exercising his longing for freedom by going out at night with Tom. Chap.2: pg.6-12 Tom and Huck encounter Jim whose freedom is taken away because he is a slave. Huck joins Tom's gang and they plan to take people's freedom away by holding the m for ransom. Chap.3: pg.12 "Well, I got a good going-over in the morning from old Miss Watson on account of my clothes." This in part why Huck wants his freedom, of doing what he likes, because they want to civilize him. Chap.4: pg.16 "At first I hated school, but by and by I got so I could stand it. Whenever I got uncommonly tired I played hooky..." Huck doesn't like being caged in school, but begins to like it because when he gets tired of it he can take a break anyway. Ch.5: pg.19-23 Huck confronts his father who spends some time with the judge and stops drinking, but begins again. So, as his freedom isn't taken. Ch.: 24 "So he watched out for me one day and catched me and took me up over the river." Hucks father once again takes his freedom away, but he gets it back by living the good life in the woods, for a while. Ch.7: pg.32 Huck escapes from his father by making it look like he was murdered; he now has total freedom. Ch.8: pg.